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We investigate the impact of biogenic emissions on carbon monoxide (CO) andformaldehyde (HCHO) in the Southern Hemisphere (SH), with simulations usingtwo different biogenic emission inventories for isoprene and monoterpenes.Results from four atmospheric chemistry models are compared to continuouslong-term ground-based CO and HCHO column measurements at the SH Network for theDetection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) sites, the satellitemeasurement of tropospheric CO columns from the Measurement of Pollution inthe Troposphere (MOPITT), and in situ surface CO measurements from across theSH, representing a subset of the National Oceanic and AtmosphericAdministration's Global Monitoring Division (NOAA GMD) network. Simulatedmean model CO using the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (v2.1)computed in the frame work of the Land Community Model (CLM-MEGANv2.1) inventory is in better agreement withboth column and surface observations than simulations adopting the emissioninventory generated from the LPJ-GUESS dynamical vegetation modelframework, which markedly underestimate measured column and surface CO atmost sites. Differences in biogenic emissions cause large differences in COin the source regions which propagate to the remote SH. Significantinter-model differences exist in modelled column and surface CO, andsecondary production of CO dominates these inter-model differences, duemainly to differences in the models' oxidation schemes for volatile organiccompounds, predominantly isoprene oxidation. While biogenic emissions area significant factor in modelling SH CO, inter-model differences pose anadditional challenge to constrain these emissions. Corresponding comparisonsof HCHO columns at two SH mid-latitude sites reveal that all modelssignificantly underestimate the observed values by approximately a factor of2. There is a much smaller impact on HCHO of the significantly differentbiogenic emissions in remote regions, compared to the source regions.Decreased biogenic emissions cause decreased CO export to remote regions,which leads to increased OH; this in turn results in increased HCHOproduction through methane oxidation. In agreement with earlier studies, wecorroborate that significant HCHO sources are likely missing in the models inthe remote SH

Multi-model simulation of CO and HCHO in the Southern Hemisphere: comparison with observations and impact of biogenic emissions