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An Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM, Aerodyne Research Inc.) was deployed atthe Montseny (MSY; 41° 46'46" N, 02° 21'29" E,720 m a.s.l.) regional background site in the westernMediterranean, Spain, from June 2012 toJuly 2013 to measure real-time inorganic (nitrate, sulfate, ammonium andchloride) and organic submicron aerosol concentrations. Co-locatedmeasurements, including real-time submicron particulate matter (PM1) andblack carbon (BC) concentrations, and off-line PM1 chemical analysiswere also carried out. This is one of the few studies that compare ACSM datawith off-line PM1 measurements, avoiding the tail of the coarse modeincluded in the PM2.5 fraction. The ACSM + BC concentrations agreedwith the PM1 measurements, and a strong correlation was found betweenthe concentrations of ACSM species and the off-line measurements, althoughsome discrepancies remain unexplained. Results point to a currentunderestimation of the relative ionization efficiency (RIE) established fororganic aerosol (OA), which should be revised in the future. The OA was themajor component of submicron aerosol (53% of PM1), with a highercontribution in summer (58% of PM1) than in winter (45% ofPM1). Source apportionment of OA was carried out by applying positivematrix factorization (PMF), using the multilinear engine (ME-2) to theorganic mass spectral data matrix. Three sources were identified in summer:hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA), low-volatile oxygenated OA (LV-OOA), andsemi-volatile oxygenated OA (SV-OOA). The secondary OA (SOA;4.8 μg m−3, sum of LV-OOA and SV-OOA) accounted for 85% ofthe total OA, and its formation during daytime (mainly SV-OOA) was estimatedto be 1.1 μg m−3. In winter, HOA was also identified (12%of OA), a contribution from biomass burning OA (BBOA) was included and it was notpossible to differentiate between two different SOA factors, but a singleoxygenated OA (OOA)factor was resolved. The OOA contribution represented 60% of the total OA,with a degree of oxidation higher than both OOA summer factors. An intensewildfire episode was studied, obtaining a region-specific BBOA profile

Chemical characterization of submicron regional background aerosols in the western Mediterranean using an Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor