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Open biomass burning (OBB) emits significant amounts of non-methanehydrocarbons (NMHCs), and the mixing of OBB with urban plumes couldexacerbate regional ozone (O3) pollution. In the present study, anobservational field campaign was performed in a rural area at the northernedge of the Yangtze River Delta region (YRDR) from 15 May to 24 June 2010, during intensive open burning of wheat residues. The netphotochemical production rate of oxidant (Ox = O3 + NO2)at the site was evaluated based on a box model (Regional AtmosphericChemical Mechanism, Version 2) constrained by real-time ambient measurements(e.g., O3, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), NOx (NO2 +NO), J values). Our results showed that both in situ photochemistry and directtransport from urban areas in the YRDR were responsible for the high Oxconcentration at the site. During an OBB-impact case, net photochemicalproduction of Ox in the daytime was pronounced, with a 6 h averagedOx production rate of 13 ± 4 ppbv h−1 (maximum value of 21 ppbv h−1 at 12:00 CST). Photochemical Oxproduction changed fromVOC-limited in the morning to NOx-limited in the afternoon due to therapid photochemical consumption of NOx during the day. A combinedanalysis with positive matrix factorization demonstrated that O3pollution in the rural area of the YRDR was largely affected by urban emission,and OBB-related emissions also contributed to in situ photochemical production,particularly in the afternoon. Our study suggested that a joint effort inreducing both NMHCs (e.g., aromatics) and NOx emissions in the urbanarea, as well as local OBB activities, may be effective in eliminatinghigh-O3 pollution risk in the rural areas of the YRDR

Examining the major contributors of ozone pollution in a rural area of the Yangtze River Delta region during harvest season