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The Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau region (HTP), despite being  a remote and sparsely populated area, is regularly exposed to  polluted air masses with significant amounts of aerosols including  black carbon. These dark, light-absorbing particles are known to  exert a great melting potential on mountain cryospheric reservoirs  through albedo reduction and radiative forcing. This study combines  ground-based and satellite remote sensing data to identify  a severe aerosol pollution episode observed simultaneously in  central Tibet and on the southern side of the Himalayas during  13–19 March 2009 (pre-monsoon). Trajectory calculations based on the  high-resolution numerical weather prediction model COSMO are used to  locate the source regions and study the mechanisms of pollution transport  in the complex topography of the HTP. We detail how polluted air masses  from an atmospheric brown cloud (ABC) over South Asia reach the  Tibetan Plateau within a few days. Lifting and advection of polluted air  masses over the great mountain range is enabled by a combination of  synoptic-scale and local meteorological processes. During the days prior  to the event, winds over the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) are generally weak  at lower levels, allowing for accumulation of pollutants and thus the  formation of ABCs. The subsequent passing of synoptic-scale troughs leads  to southwesterly flow in the middle troposphere over northern and central  India, carrying the polluted air masses across the Himalayas. As the IGP is  known to be a hotspot of ABCs, the cross-Himalayan transport of polluted air  masses may have serious implications for the cryosphere in the HTP  and impact climate on regional to global scales. Since the current  study focuses on one particularly strong pollution episode, quantifying  the frequency and magnitude of similar events in a climatological study  is required to assess the total impact

Atmospheric brown clouds reach the Tibetan Plateau by crossing the Himalayas