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The mineralogy of desert dust is important due to its effect on radiation,clouds and biogeochemical cycling of trace nutrients. This study presentsthe simulation of dust radiative forcing as a function of both mineralcomposition and size at the global scale, using mineral soil maps forestimating emissions. Externally mixed mineral aerosols in the bulk aerosolmodule in the Community Atmosphere Model version 4 (CAM4) and internallymixed mineral aerosols in the modal aerosol module in the CommunityAtmosphere Model version 5.1 (CAM5) embedded in the Community Earth SystemModel version 1.0.5 (CESM) are speciated into common mineral components inplace of total dust. The simulations with mineralogy are compared toavailable observations of mineral atmospheric distribution and depositionalong with observations of clear-sky radiative forcing efficiency. Based onthese simulations, we estimate the all-sky direct radiative forcing at thetop of the atmosphere as + 0.05 Wm−2 for both CAM4 and CAM5simulations with mineralogy. We compare this to the radiative forcing fromsimulations of dust in release versions of CAM4 and CAM5 (+0.08 and+0.17 Wm−2) and of dust with optimized optical properties, wetscavenging and particle size distribution in CAM4 and CAM5, −0.05and −0.17 Wm−2, respectively. The ability to correctly include the mineralogy ofdust in climate models is hindered by its spatial and temporal variabilityas well as insufficient global in situ observations, incomplete anduncertain source mineralogies and the uncertainties associated with dataretrieved from remote sensing methods

Modeling dust as component minerals in the Community Atmosphere Model: development of framework and impact on radiative forcing