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Real-time mass spectra of the non-refractory species in submicron aerosolparticles were recorded in a tropical rainforest in the central Amazon Basinduring the wet season from February to March 2008, as a part of theAmazonian Aerosol Characterization Experiment (AMAZE-08). Organic materialaccounted on average for more than 80% of the non-refractory submicronparticle mass concentrations during the period of measurements. There wasinsufficient ammonium to neutralize sulfate. In this acidic, isoprene-rich,HO<sub>2</sub>-dominant environment, positive-matrix factorization of the timeseries of particle mass spectra identified four statistical factors toaccount for the 99% of the variance in the signal intensities of the organicconstituents. The first factor was identified as associated with regionaland local pollution and labeled "HOA" for its hydrocarbon-likecharacteristics. A second factor was associated with long-range transportand labeled "OOA-1" for its oxygenated characteristics. A third factor,labeled "OOA-2," was implicated as associated with the reactive uptake ofisoprene oxidation products, especially of epoxydiols to acidic haze, fog, orcloud droplets. A fourth factor, labeled "OOA-3," was consistent withan association with the fresh production of secondary organic material (SOM)by the mechanism of gas-phase oxidation of biogenic volatile organicprecursors followed by gas-to-particle conversion of the oxidation products.The suffixes 1, 2, and 3 on the OOA labels signify ordinal ranking withrespect to the extent of oxidation represented by the factor. The process ofaqueous-phase oxidation of water-soluble products of gas-phasephotochemistry might also have been associated to some extent with the OOA-2factor. The campaign-average factor loadings had a ratio of 1.4:1 forOOA-2 : OOA-3, suggesting the comparable importance of particle-phase comparedto gas-phase pathways for the production of SOM during the study period

Submicron particle mass concentrations and sources in the Amazonian wet season (AMAZE-08)