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The relationship between springtime air pollution transport of ozone(O3) and carbon monoxide (CO) and mid-latitude cyclones is explored forthe first time using the Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate(MACC) reanalysis for the period 2003–2012. In this study, the most intensespring storms (95th percentile) are selected for two regions, the NorthPacific (NP) and the North Atlantic (NA). These storms (∼60 storms overeach region) often track over the major emission sources of East Asia andeastern North America. By compositing the storms, the distributions ofO3 and CO within a "typical" intense storm are examined. We comparethe storm-centered composite to background composites of "averageconditions" created by sampling the reanalysis data of the previous year tothe storm locations. Mid-latitude storms are found to redistributeconcentrations of O3 and CO horizontally and vertically throughout thestorm. This is clearly shown to occur through two main mechanisms: (1)vertical lifting of CO-rich and O3-poor air isentropically, from near thesurface to the mid- to upper-troposphere in the region of the warm conveyorbelt; and (2) descent of O3-rich and CO-poor air isentropically in thevicinity of the dry intrusion, from the stratosphere toward themid-troposphere. This can be seen in the composite storm's life cycle as thestorm intensifies, with area-averaged O3 (CO) increasing (decreasing)between 200 and 500 hPa. The influence of the storm dynamics comparedto the background environment on the composition within an area around thestorm center at the time of maximum intensity is as follows. Area-averagedO3 at 300 hPa is enhanced by 50 and 36% and by 11 and7.6% at 500 hPa for the NP and NA regions, respectively.In contrast, area-averaged CO at 300 hPa decreases by 12%for NP and 5.5% for NA, and area-averaged CO at 500 hPadecreases by 2.4% for NP while there is little change over the NAregion. From the mid-troposphere, O3-rich air isclearly seen to be transported toward the surface, but the downward transportof CO-poor air is not discernible due to the high levels of CO in the lowertroposphere. Area-averaged O3 is slightly higher at 1000 hPa(3.5 and 1.8% for the NP and NA regions, respectively). There isan increase of CO at 1000 hPa for the NP region (3.3%)relative to the background composite and a~slight decrease in area-averagedCO for the NA region at 1000 hPa (-2.7%)

The effects of springtime mid-latitude storms on trace gas composition determined from the MACC reanalysis