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Two model experiments, namely a control (CTL) experiment withoutaerosol–radiation feedbacks and a experiment with online aerosol–radiation(RAD) interactions, were designed to study the radiative feedback on regionalradiation budgets, planetary boundary layer (PBL) meteorology and haze formation due to aerosols duringhaze episodes over Jing–Jin–Ji, China, and its near surroundings (3JNSregion of China: Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, East Shanxi, West Shandong and North Henan) with a two-way atmospheric chemicaltransport model. The impact of aerosols on solar radiation reaching Earth'ssurface, outgoing long-wave emission at the top of the atmosphere, airtemperature, PBL turbulence diffusion, PBL height, wind speeds, air pressurepattern and PM2.5 has been studied focusing on a haze episode during theperiod from 7 to 11 July 2008. The results show that the mean solar radiationflux that reaches the ground decreases by about 15% in 3JNSand 20 to 25%in the region with the highest aerosol optical depth during the hazeepisode. The fact that aerosol cools the PBL atmosphere but warms theatmosphere above it leads to a more stable atmospheric stratification overthe region, which causes a decrease in turbulence diffusion of about 52%and a decrease in the PBL height of about 33%. This consequently forms apositive feedback on the particle concentration within the PBL and thesurface as well as the haze formation. Additionally, aerosol direct radiative forcing(DRF) increases PBL wind speed by about 9% and weakensthe subtropical high by about 14 hPa, which aids the collapse of hazepollution and results in a negative feedback to the haze episode. Thesynthetic impacts from the two opposite feedbacks result in about a 14%increase in surface PM2.5. However, the persistence time of both highPM2.5 and haze pollution is not affected by the aerosol DRF. On thecontrary over offshore China, aerosols heat the PBL atmosphere and causeunstable atmospheric stratification, but the impact and its feedback on theplanetary boundary layer height, turbulence diffusion and wind is weak, with the exception of the evident impacts on thesubtropical high

atmospheric chemistry and physics

Mesoscale modelling study of the interactions between aerosols and PBL meteorology during a haze episode in China Jing–Jin–Ji and its near surrounding region – Part 2: Aerosols' radiative feedback effects