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Sources and propagation characteristics of high-frequency gravity wavesobserved in the mesosphere using airglow emissions from Gadanki(13.5° N, 79.2° E) and Hyderabad (17.5° N, 78.5° E) areinvestigated using reverse ray tracing. Wave amplitudes are also traced back,including both radiative and diffusive damping. The ray tracing isperformed using background temperature and wind data obtained from the MSISE-90and HWM-07 models, respectively. For the Gadanki region, the suitability ofthese models is tested. Further, a climatological model of the backgroundatmosphere for the Gadanki region has been developed using nearly 30 yearsof observations available from a variety of ground-based (MST radar,radiosondes, MF radar) and rocket- and satellite-borne measurements.ERA-Interim products are utilized for constructing background parameters corresponding to the meteorological conditions of theobservations.With the reverse ray-tracing method, the source locations for nine wave eventscould be identified to be in the upper troposphere, whereas for five other events thewaves terminated in the mesosphere itself. Uncertainty in locating the terminal points of waveevents in the horizontal direction is estimated to be within 50–100 km and150–300 km for Gadanki and Hyderabad wave events, respectively. Thisuncertainty arises mainly due to non-consideration of the day-to-dayvariability in the tidal amplitudes. Prevailing conditions at the terminalpoints for each of the 14 events are provided. As no convectionin and around the terminal points is noticed, convection is unlikely to bethe source. Interestingly, large (~9 m s<sup>−1</sup>km<sup>−1</sup>) vertical shearsin the horizontal wind are noticed near the ray terminal points (at 10–12 km altitude) and arethus identified to be the source for generating the observed high-phase-speed, high-frequency gravity waves

Evidence for tropospheric wind shear excitation of high-phase-speed gravity waves reaching the mesosphere using the ray-tracing technique