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Air–sea dimethylsulfide (DMS) fluxes and bulk air–sea gradients weremeasured over the Southern Ocean in February–March 2012 during the SurfaceOcean Aerosol Production (SOAP) study. The cruise encountered three distinctphytoplankton bloom regions, consisting of two blooms with moderate DMSlevels, and a high biomass, dinoflagellate-dominated bloom with high seawaterDMS levels (> 15 nM). Gas transfer coefficients wereconsiderably scattered at wind speeds above 5 m s<sup>−1</sup>. Bin averaging thedata resulted in a linear relationship between wind speed and mean gastransfer velocity consistent with that previously observed. However, thewind-speed-binned gas transfer data distribution at all wind speeds ispositively skewed. The flux and seawater DMS distributions were alsopositively skewed, which suggests that eddy covariance-derived gas transfervelocities are consistently influenced by additional, log-normal noise. Aflux footprint analysis was conducted during a transect into the prevailingwind and through elevated DMS levels in the dinoflagellate bloom. Accountingfor the temporal/spatial separation between flux and seawater concentrationsignificantly reduces the scatter in computed transfer velocity. The SOAP gastransfer velocity data show no obvious modification of the gas transfer–windspeed relationship by biological activity or waves. This study highlights thechallenges associated with eddy covariance gas transfer measurements inbiologically active and heterogeneous bloom environments

Dimethylsulfide gas transfer coefficients from algal blooms in the Southern Ocean