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Biomass burning (BB) plumes were measured at the Cape Grim Baseline AirPollution Station during the 2006 Precursors to Particles campaign, whenemissions from a fire on nearby Robbins Island impacted the station.Measurements made included non-methane organic compounds (NMOCs) (PTR-MS),particle number size distribution, condensation nuclei (CN)> 3 nm, black carbon (BC) concentration, cloud condensation nuclei(CCN) number, ozone (O3), methane (CH4), carbon monoxide(CO), hydrogen (H2), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide(N2O), halocarbons and meteorology. During the first plume strike event (BB1), a 4 h enhancement of CO (max~ 2100 ppb), BC (~ 1400 ng m-3) and particles> 3 nm (~ 13 000 cm-3) with dominant particlemode of 120 nm were observed overnight. A wind direction change leadto a dramatic reduction in BB tracers and a drop in the dominant particlemode to 50 nm. The dominant mode increased in size to 80 nmover 5 h in calm sunny conditions, accompanied by an increase inozone. Due to an enhancement in BC but not CO during particle growth, thepresence of BB emissions during this period could not be confirmed. The ability of particles > 80 nm (CN80) to act as CCN at 0.5 %supersaturation was investigated. The ΔCCN / ΔCN80 ratio waslowest during the fresh BB plume (56 ± 8 %), higher during theparticle growth period (77 ± 4 %) and higher still (104 ± 3 %)in background marine air. Particle size distributions indicate that changesto particle chemical composition, rather than particle size, are drivingthese changes. Hourly average CCN during both BB events were between 2000 and5000 CCN cm-3, which were enhanced above typical backgroundlevels by a factor of 6–34, highlighting the dramatic impact BB plumes canhave on CCN number in clean marine regions. During the 29 h of the second plume strike event (BB2) CO, BC and arange of NMOCs including acetonitrile and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) were clearlyenhanced and some enhancements in O3 were observed(ΔO3 / ΔCO 0.001–0.074). A short-lived increase in NMOCs bya factor of 10 corresponded with a large CO enhancement, an increase of theNMOC / CO emission ratio (ER) by a factor of 2–4 and a halving of theBC / CO ratio. Rainfall on Robbins Island was observed by radar duringthis period which likely resulted in a lower fire combustion efficiency, andhigher emission of compounds associated with smouldering. This highlights theimportance of relatively minor meteorological events on BB emission ratios. Emission factors (EFs) were derived for a range of trace gases, some neverbefore reported for Australian fires, (including hydrogen, phenol andtoluene) using the carbon mass balance method. This provides a unique set ofEFs for Australian coastal heathland fires. Methyl halide EFs were higher thanEFs reported from other studies in Australia and the Northern Hemisphere whichis likely due to high halogen content in vegetation on Robbins Island. This work demonstrates the substantial impact that BB plumes can have on thecomposition of marine air, and the significant changes that can occur as theplume interacts with terrestrial, aged urban and marine emission sources

Biomass burning emissions of trace gases and particles in marine air at Cape Grim, Tasmania