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Precipitation is thought to be a necessary but insufficient  condition for the transformation of stratocumulus-topped closed  cellular convection to open cellular cumuliform convection. Here we  test the hypothesis that the spatial distribution of precipitation  is a key element of the closed-to-open cell transition. A series of  idealized 3-D simulations are conducted to evaluate the  dependency of the transformation on the areal coverage of rain, and  to explore the role of interactions between multiple rainy areas in  the formation of the open cells. When rain is restricted to a small  area, even substantial rain (order few mm day<sup>−1</sup>) does not  result in a transition. With increasing areal coverage of the rain,  the transition becomes possible provided that the rain rate is  sufficiently large. When multiple small rain regions interact with  each other, the transition occurs and spreads over a wider area,  provided that the distance between the rain regions is short. When  the distance between the rain areas is large, the transition  eventually occurs, albeit slowly. For much longer distances between  rain regions the system is anticipated to remain in a closed-cell  state. These results suggest a connection to the recently  hypothesized remote control of open-cell formation.Finally it is shown that this transition occurs along a consistent path in the phasespace of the mean vs. coefficient of variation of the liquid water path, droplet number  and optical depth.  This could be used as a diagnostic  tool for global analyses of the statistics of closed- and open-cell  occurrence and transitions between them

On the relationship between open cellular convective cloud patterns and the spatial distribution of precipitation