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From the rural Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) site Hohenpeissenberg in thepre-alpine area of southern Germany, a data set of 24 C<sub>2</sub>–C<sub>8</sub>non-methane hydrocarbons over a period of 7 years was analyzed. Receptormodeling was performed by positive matrix factorization (PMF) and theresulting factors were interpreted with respect to source profiles andphotochemical aging. Differing from other studies, no direct sourceattribution was intended because, due to chemistry along transport, massconservation from source to receptor is not given. However, at remotesites such as Hohenpeissenberg, the observed patterns of non-methane hydrocarbons can be derivedfrom combinations of factors determined by PMF. A six-factorsolution showed high stability and the most plausible results. In additionto a biogenic and a background factor of very stable compounds, fouradditional anthropogenic factors were resolved that could be divided intotwo short- and two long-lived patterns from evaporative sources/natural gasleakage and incomplete combustion processes. The volume or masscontribution at the site over the entireperiod was, in decreasing order, from the following factor categories: background, gas leakage and long-livedevaporative, residential heating and long-lived combustion, short-livedevaporative, short-lived combustion, and biogenic. The importance withrespect to reactivity contribution was generally in reverse order, with thebiogenic and the short-lived combustion factors contributing most. Theseasonality of the factors was analyzed and compared to results of a simplebox model using constant emissions and the photochemical decay calculatedfrom the measured annual cycles of OH radicals and ozone. Two of thefactors, short-lived combustion and gas leakage/long-lived evaporative,showed winter/summer ratios of about 9 and 7, respectively, as expected fromconstant source estimations. Contrarily, the short-lived evaporative emissions wereabout 3 times higher in summer than in winter, while residential heating/long-lived combustion emissions were about 2 times higher in winter than in summer

Can positive matrix factorization help to understand patterns of organic trace gases at the continental Global Atmosphere Watch site Hohenpeissenberg?