English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Occurrences of jet engine power loss and damage have been associated withflight through fully glaciated deep convection at −10 to−50 °C. Power loss events commonly occur during flightthrough radar reflectivity (Ze) less than 20–30 dBZ and nomore than moderate turbulence, often overlying moderate to heavy rain nearthe surface. During 2010–2012, Airbus carried out flight tests seeking tocharacterize the highest ice water content (IWC) in such low-Zeregions of large, cold-topped storm systems in the vicinity of Cayenne,Darwin, and Santiago. Within the highest IWC regions encountered, at typicalsampling elevations (circa 11 km), the measured ice size distributionsexhibit a notably narrow concentration of mass over area-equivalent diametersof 100–500 μm. Given substantial and poorly quantifiedmeasurement uncertainties, here we evaluate the consistency of the Airbus insitu measurements with ground-based profiling radar observations obtainedunder quasi-steady, heavy stratiform rain conditions in one of theAirbus-sampled locations. We find that profiler-observed radar reflectivitiesand mean Doppler velocities at Airbus sampling temperatures are generallyconsistent with those calculated from in situ size-distribution measurements.We also find that column simulations using the in situ size distributions asan upper boundary condition are generally consistent with observed profilesof Ze, mean Doppler velocity (MDV), and retrieved rain rate. Theresults of these consistency checks motivate an examination of themicrophysical pathways that could be responsible for the observed size-distribution features in Ackerman et al.(2015)

atmospheric chemistry and physics

High ice water content at low radar reflectivity near deep convection – Part 1: Consistency of in situ and remote-sensing observations with stratiform rain column simulations