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Chemically resolved (organic, nitrate, sulfate, ammonium) data of non-refractory submicron (NR-PM1) aerosolfrom the first long-term deployment (27 July 2012 to 02 October 2013) ofa time-of-flight aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ToF-ACSM) at the Swisshigh-altitude site Jungfraujoch (JFJ; 3580 m a.s.l.) are presented. Besidestotal mass loadings, diurnal variations and relative species contributionsduring the different meteorological seasons, geographical origin and sourcesof organic aerosol (OA) are discussed. Backward transport simulations showthat the highest (especially sulfate) concentrations of NR-PM1 weremeasured in air masses advected to the station from regions south of the JFJ,while lowest concentrations were seen from western regions. OA sourceapportionment for each season was performed using the Source Finder (SoFi)interface for the multilinear engine (ME-2). OA was dominated in all seasonsby oxygenated OA (OOA, 71–88 %), with lesser contributions fromlocal tourism-related activities (7–12 %) and hydrocarbon-like OArelated to regional vertical transport (3–9 %). In summer the OOAcan be separated into a background low-volatility OA (LV-OOA I, possiblyassociated with long-range transport) and a slightly less oxidisedlow-volatility OA (LV-OOA II) associated with regional vertical transport.Wood burning-related OA associated with regional transport was detectedduring the whole winter 2012/2013 and during rare events in summer 2013, inthe latter case attributed to small-scale transport for the surroundingvalleys. Additionally, the data were divided into periods with freetropospheric (FT) conditions and periods with planetary boundary layer (PBL)influence, enabling the assessment of the composition for each. Most nitrateand part of the OA are injected from the regional PBL, while sulfate ismainly produced in the FT. The south/north gradient of sulfate is alsopronounced in FT air masses (sulfate mass fraction from the south:45 %; from the north: 29 %). Furthermore, a detailedinvestigation of specific marker fragments of the OA spectra (f43,f44, f55, f57, f60) showed different degrees of ageingdepending on season

atmospheric chemistry and physics

Fourteen months of on-line measurements of the non-refractory submicron aerosol at the Jungfraujoch (3580 m a.s.l.) – chemical composition, origins and organic aerosol sources