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Sea salt aerosols (SSA) are dominant particles in the Arctic atmosphere anddetermine the polar radiative balance. SSA react with acidic pollutants thatlead to changes in physical and chemical properties of their surface, whichin turn alter their hygroscopic and optical properties. Transmission electronmicroscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry was used to analyzemorphology, composition, size, and mixing state of individual SSA atNy-Ålesund, Svalbard, in summertime. Individual fresh SSA contained cubicNaCl coated by certain amounts of MgCl2 and CaSO4. Individualpartially aged SSA contained irregular NaCl coated by a mixture ofNaNO3, Na2SO4, Mg(NO3)2, and MgSO4. Thecomparison suggests the hydrophilic MgCl2 coating in fresh SSA likelyintrigued the heterogeneous reactions at the beginning of SSA and acidicgases. Individual fully aged SSA normally had Na2SO4 cores and anamorphous coating of NaNO3. Elemental mappings of individual SSAparticles revealed that as the particles ageing Cl gradually decreased, theC, N, O, and S content increased. 12C- mapping from nanoscalesecondary ion mass spectrometry indicates that organic matter increased inthe aged SSA compared with the fresh SSA. 12C- line scan furthershows that organic matter was mainly concentrated on the aged SSA surface.These new findings indicate that this mixture of organic matter andNaNO3 on particle surfaces likely determines their hygroscopic andoptical properties. These abundant SSA as reactive surfaces adsorbinginorganic and organic acidic gases can shorten acidic gas lifetime andinfluence the possible gaseous reactions in the Arctic atmosphere, which needto be incorporated into atmospheric chemical models in the Arctictroposphere

Sea salt aerosols as a reactive surface for inorganic and organic acidic gases in the Arctic troposphere