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At the beginning of 2009 new space-borne observations of dry-air column-averaged molefractions of atmospheric methane (XCH4) became available from the ThermalAnd Near infrared Sensor for carbon Observations–Fourier TransformSpectrometer (TANSO-FTS) instrument on board the Greenhouse Gases ObservingSATellite (GOSAT). Until April 2012 concurrent {methane (CH4) retrievals} wereprovided by the SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for AtmosphericCartograpHY (SCIAMACHY) instrument on board the ENVironmental SATellite (ENVISAT). The GOSAT and SCIAMACHYXCH4 retrievals can be compared during the period of overlap. We estimatemonthly average CH4 emissions between January 2010 and December 2011,using the TM5-4DVAR inverse modelling system. In addition to satellite data,high-accuracy measurements from the Cooperative Air Sampling Network of theNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Earth System ResearchLaboratory (NOAA ESRL) are used, providing strong constraints on the remotesurface atmosphere. We discuss five inversion scenarios that make use ofdifferent GOSAT and SCIAMACHY XCH4 retrieval products, including two setsof GOSAT proxy retrievals processed independently by the NetherlandsInstitute for Space Research (SRON)/Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT),and the University of Leicester (UL), and the RemoTeC "Full-Physics" (FP)XCH4 retrievals available from SRON/KIT. The GOSAT-based inversions showsignificant reductions in the root mean square (rms) difference betweenretrieved and modelled XCH4, and require much smaller bias correctionscompared to the inversion using SCIAMACHY retrievals, reflecting the higherprecision and relative accuracy of the GOSAT XCH4. Despite the largedifferences between the GOSAT and SCIAMACHY retrievals, 2-year averageemission maps show overall good agreement among all satellite-basedinversions, with consistent flux adjustment patterns, particularly acrossequatorial Africa and North America. Over North America, the satelliteinversions result in a significant redistribution of CH4 emissions fromNorth-East to South-Central United States. This result is consistent with recentindependent studies suggesting a systematic underestimation of CH4emissions from North American fossil fuel sources in bottom-up inventories,likely related to natural gas production facilities.Furthermore, all four satellite inversions yield lower CH4 fluxes acrossthe Congo basin compared to the NOAA-only scenario, but higher emissionsacross tropical East Africa. The GOSAT and SCIAMACHY inversions showsimilar performance when validated against independent shipboard and aircraftobservations, and XCH4 retrievals available from the Total Carbon ColumnObserving Network (TCCON)

atmospheric chemistry and physics

Inverse modelling of CH&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;4&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; emissions for 2010–2011 using different satellite retrieval products from GOSAT and SCIAMACHY