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The complete chemical composition of atmospheric particulatematter (PM1 and PM10) from a continental (Montsec, MSC, 1570 m a.s.l.)and a regional (Montseny, MSY, 720 m a.s.l) background site in thewestern Mediterranean Basin (WMB) were jointly studied for the first timeover a relatively long-term period (January 2010–March 2013). Differences in average PMX concentration and composition between bothsites were attributed to distance to anthropogenic sources, altitude, anddifferent influence of atmospheric episodes. All these factors result in acontinental-to-regional background increase of 4.0 μg m−3 forPM10 and 1.1 μg m−3 for PM1 in the WMB. Thisincrease is mainly constituted by organic matter, sulfate, nitrate, and seasalt. However, higher mineral matter concentrations were measured at thecontinental background site owing to the higher influence of long-rangetransport of dust and dust resuspension. Seasonal variations of aerosol chemical components were attributed toevolution of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) height throughout the year,variations in the air mass origin, and differences in meteorology. Duringwarmer months, weak pressure gradients and elevated insolation generaterecirculation of air masses and enhance the development of the PBL, causingthe aging of aerosols and incrementing pollutant concentrations over a largearea in the WMB, including the continental background. This is reflected ina more similar relative composition and absolute concentrations ofcontinental and regional background aerosols. Nevertheless, during coldermonths the thermal inversions and the lower vertical development of the PBLleave MSC in the free troposphere most of the time, whereas MSY is moreinfluenced by regional pollutants accumulated under winter anticyclonicconditions. This results in much lower concentrations of PMX componentsat the continental background site with respect to those at the regionalbackground site. The influence of certain atmospheric episodes caused different impacts atregional and continental scales. When long-range transport from central andeastern Europe and from north Africa occurs, the continental background siteis frequently more influenced, thus indicating a preferential transport ofpollutants at high altitude layers. Conversely, the regional background sitewas more influenced by regional processes. Continental and regional aerosol chemical composition from the WMB revealed(a) high relevance of African dust transport and regional dust resuspension;(b) low biomass burning contribution; (c) high organic matter contribution; (d)low summer nitrate concentrations; and (e) high aerosol homogenization insummer

atmospheric chemistry and physics

Joint analysis of continental and regional background environments in the western Mediterranean: PM&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; and PM&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;10&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; concentrations and composition