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For the first time, a liquid-water cloud study of the aerosol–cloud-dynamics relationship, solelybased on lidar, was conducted. Twenty-nine cases of pure liquid-wateraltocumulus layers were observed with a novel dual-field-of-view Raman lidarover the polluted central European site of Leipzig, Germany, betweenSeptember 2010 and September 2012. By means of the novel Raman lidartechnique, cloud properties such as the droplet effective radius and clouddroplet number concentration (CDNC) in the lower part of altocumulus layersare obtained. The conventional aerosol Raman lidar technique provides theaerosol extinction coefficient (used as aerosol proxy) below cloud base. Acollocated Doppler lidar measures the vertical velocity at cloud base andthus updraft and downdraft occurrence. Here, we present the key results ofour statistical analysis of the 2010–2012 observations. Besides a clearaerosol effect on cloud droplet number concentration in the lower part of thealtocumulus layers during updraft periods, turbulent mixing and entrainmentof dry air is assumed to be the main reason for the found weak correlationbetween aerosol proxy and CDNC higher up in the cloud. The correspondingaerosol–cloud interaction parameter based on changes in cloud droplet numberconcentration with aerosol loading was found to be close to 0.8 at 30–70 mabove cloud base during updraft periods and below 0.4 when ignoringvertical-wind information in the analysis. Our findings are extensivelycompared with literature values and agree well with airborne observations

Strong aerosol–cloud interaction in altocumulus during updraft periods: lidar observations over central Europe