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Concentration of radon (222Rn) in the near-ground atmosphere has been measuredquasi-continuously from January 2005 to December 2009 at two continentalsites in Europe: Heidelberg (south-west Germany) and Krakow (southernPoland). The atmosphere was sampled at ca. 30 and 20 m abovethe local ground. Both stations were equipped with identical instruments.Regular observations of 222Rn were supplemented by measurements ofsurface fluxes of this gas in the Krakow urban area, using two differentapproaches. The measured concentrations of 222Rn varied at both sitesin a wide range, from less than 2.0 Bq m−3 to approximately40 Bq m−3 in Krakow and 35 Bq m−3 in Heidelberg. The mean 222Rncontent in Krakow, when averaged over the entire observation period, was 30%higher than in Heidelberg (5.86 ± 0.09 and 4.50 ± 0.07 Bq m−3, respectively). Distinct seasonality of 222Rn signalis visible in the obtained time series of 222Rn concentration, withhigher values recorded generally during late summer and autumn. The surface222Rn fluxes measured in Krakow also revealed a distinct seasonality,with broad maximum observed during summer and early autumn and minimumduring the winter. When averaged over a 5-year observation period, thenight-time surface 222Rn flux was equal to 46.8 ± 2.4 Bq m−2 h−1. Although the atmospheric 222Rn levels at Heidelberg andKrakow appeared to be controlled primarily by local factors, it was possibleto evaluate the "continental effect" in atmospheric 222Rn contentbetween both sites, related to gradual build-up of 222Rn concentrationin the air masses travelling between Heidelberg and Krakow. The mean valueof this build-up was equal to 0.78 ± 0.12 Bq m−3. The measured minimum222Rn concentrations at both sites and the difference between them wasinterpreted in the framework of a simple box model coupled with HYSPLIT(Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory)analysis of air mass trajectories. The best fit of experimental data wasobtained for the mean 222Rn flux over the European continent equal to52 Bq m−2 h−1, the mean transport velocity of the air masses withinthe convective mixed layer of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) on their route from the Atlantic coast toHeidelberg and Krakow equal to 3.5 m s−1, the mean rate constant of222Rn removal across the top of the PBL equal to the 222Rn decayconstant and the mean height of the convective mixed layer equal to 1600 m

Factors controlling temporal variability of near-ground atmospheric &lt;sup&gt;222&lt;/sup&gt;Rn concentration over central Europe

Factors controlling temporal variability of near-ground atmospheric <sup>222</sup>Rn concentration over central Europe