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Urban environments are the primary contributors to global anthropogeniccarbon emissions. Because much of the growth in CO2 emissions willoriginate from cities, there is a need to develop, assess, and improvemeasurement and modeling strategies for quantifying and monitoringgreenhouse gas emissions from large urban centers. In this study theuncertainties in an aircraft-based mass balance approach for quantifyingcarbon dioxide and methane emissions from an urban environment, focusing onIndianapolis, IN, USA, are described. The relatively level terrain ofIndianapolis facilitated the application of mean wind fields in the massbalance approach. We investigate the uncertainties in our aircraft-basedmass balance approach by (1) assessing the sensitivity of the measured fluxto important measurement and analysis parameters including wind speed,background CO2 and CH4, boundary layer depth, and interpolationtechnique, and (2) determining the flux at two or more downwind distancesfrom a point or area source (with relatively large source strengths such assolid waste facilities and a power generating station) in rapid succession,assuming that the emission flux is constant. When we quantify the precisionin the approach by comparing the estimated emissions derived frommeasurements at two or more downwind distances from an area or point source,we find that the minimum and maximum repeatability were 12 and 52%,with an average of 31%. We suggest that improvements in the experimentaldesign can be achieved by careful determination of the backgroundconcentration, monitoring the evolution of the boundary layer through themeasurement period, and increasing the number of downwind horizontaltransect measurements at multiple altitudes within the boundary layer

Assessment of uncertainties of an aircraft-based mass balance approach for quantifying urban greenhouse gas emissions