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Convective redistribution of ozone and its precursors between the boundarylayer (BL) and the free troposphere (FT) influences photochemistry, inparticular in the middle and upper troposphere (UT). We present a case studyof convective transport during the GABRIEL campaign over the tropical rainforest in Suriname in October 2005. During one measurement flight the inflowand outflow regions of a cumulonimbus cloud (Cb) have been characterized. Weidentified a distinct layer between 9 and 11 km altitude with enhancedmixing ratios of CO, O3, HOx, acetone andacetonitrile. The elevated O3 contradicts the expectation thatconvective transport brings low-ozone air from the boundary layer to theoutflow region. Entrainment of ozone-rich air is estimated to account for62% (range: 33–91%) of the observed O3. Ozone is enhanced byonly 5–6% by photochemical production in the outflow due to enhanced NOfrom lightning, based on model calculations using observations including thefirst reported HOx measurements over the tropical rainforest. The"excess" ozone in the outflow is most probably due to direct production bycorona discharge associated with lightning. We deduce a production rate of5.12 × 1028 molecules O3 flash−1 (range:9.89 × 1026–9.82 × 1028 molecules O3 flash−1),which is at the upper limit of the range reported previously

Influence of corona discharge on the ozone budget in the tropical free troposphere: a case study of deep convection during GABRIEL