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Particle number size distributions were measured by differential mobilityparticle sizer in the diameter range of 6–1000 nm in the near-citybackground and city centre of Budapest continuously for two years. The cityis situated in the middle part of the Carpathian Basin, which is atopographically discrete unit in the southeastern part of central Europe. Yearly meannucleation frequencies and uncertainties for the near-city background andcity centre were (28 + 6/−4) % and (27 + 9/−4) %, respectively.The total numbers of days with continuous and uninterrupted growth process were43 and 31, respectively. These events and their properties were utilised toinvestigate the spatial scale of the nucleation in the basin, and whether thereare any specific trajectories for the nucleating air masses. Local windspeed and direction data indicated that there seem to be differences betweenthe nucleation and growth intervals and non-nucleation days. For furtheranalysis, backward trajectories were generated by a simple air parceltrajectory model. Start and end time parameters of the nucleation and an endtime parameter of the particle growth were derived by a standardisedprocedure based on examining the channel contents of the contour plots.These parameters were used to specify a segment on each backward trajectorythat is associated with the nucleating air mass. The results indicated thatregional nucleation happened in the continental boundary layer mostly in theCarpathian Basin but that the most distant trajectories originated outside of thebasin. The nucleating air masses were predominantly associated with NW andSE geographical sectors, and some of them were also related to largerforested territories. The results also emphasised indirectly that theregional new particle formation and growth phenomena observable at the fixedlocation often expand to the bulk of the Carpathian Basin

Spatial extension of nucleating air masses in the Carpathian Basin