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NO2 concentrations at the street level are a major concern for urban airquality in Europe and have been regulated under the EU Thematic Strategy onAir Pollution. Despite the legal requirements, limit values are exceeded atmany monitoring stations with little or no improvement in recent years.In order to assess the effects of future emission control regulations onroadside NO2 concentrations, a downscaling module has been implemented inthe GAINS integrated assessment model. The module follows a hybrid approachbased on atmospheric dispersion calculations and observations from theAirBase European air quality database that are used to estimatesite-specific parameters. Pollutant concentrations at every monitoring sitewith sufficient data coverage are disaggregated into contributions fromregional background, urban increment, and local roadside increment. Thefuture evolution of each contribution is assessed with a model of theappropriate scale: 28 × 28 km grid based on the EMEP Model forthe regional background, 7 × 7 km urban increment based on theCHIMERE Chemistry Transport Model, and a chemical box model for the roadsideincrement. Thus, different emission scenarios and control options forlong-range transport as well as regional and local emissions can be analysed. Observedconcentrations and historical trends are well captured, in particular thediffering NO2 and total NOx = NO + NO2 trends.Altogether, more than 1950 air quality monitoring stations in the EU arecovered by the model, including more than 400 traffic stations and 70%of the critical stations. Together with its well-established bottom-upemission and dispersion calculation scheme, GAINS is thus able to bridge thescales from European-wide policies to impacts in street canyons. As anapplication of the model, we assess the evolution of attainment of NO2limit values under current legislation until 2030. Strong improvements areexpected with the introduction of the Euro 6 emission standard for light dutyvehicles; however, for some major European cities, further measures may berequired, in particular if aiming to achieve compliance at an earlier time

atmospheric chemistry and physics

Modelling NO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; concentrations at the street level in the GAINS integrated assessment model: projections under current legislation