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We use nighttime measurements from the Cloud Aerosol Lidar and InfraredPathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) satellite, together with aLagrangian trajectory model, to study the initial dispersion of volcanicaerosol from the eruption of Mt. Nabro (Ethiopia/Eritrea) in June 2011. TheNabro eruption reached the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS)directly, and the plume was initially entrained by the flow surrounding theAsian anticyclone, which prevails in the UTLS from the Mediterranean Sea toEast Asia during boreal summer. CALIPSO detected aerosol layers, withoptical properties consistent with sulfate, in the lower stratosphere abovethe monsoon convective region in South and Southeast Asia within 10 days ofthe eruption. We show that quasi-isentropic differential advection in thevertically sheared flow surrounding the Asian anticyclone explains many ofthese stratospheric aerosol layers. We use Meteosat-7 data to examine thepossible role of deep convection in the Asian monsoon in transportingvolcanic material to the lower stratosphere during this time, but find noevidence that convection played a direct role, in contrast with claims madein earlier studies. On longer timescales, we use CALIPSO data to illustratediabatic ascent of the Nabro aerosol in the lower stratosphere  at rates of~ 10 K per month for the first two months after the eruption,falling to ~ 3 K per month after the Asian anticyclonedissipates. Maps of stratospheric aerosol optical depth (AOD) show localpeaks of ~ 0.04–0.06 in July in the region of the Asiananticyclone; we find associated estimates of radiative forcing small,~ 5–10% of those reported for the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo in1991. Additionally, we find no clear response in outgoing shortwave (SW)flux due to the presence of Nabro aerosol viewed in the context of SW fluxvariability as measured by CERES (Clouds and Earth Radiant EnergySystem)

Dispersion of the Nabro volcanic plume and its relation to the Asian summer monsoon