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Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) are substantial contributors toatmospheric chemistry and physics and demonstrate the close relationshipbetween biosphere and atmosphere. Their emission rates are highly sensitiveto meteorological and environmental changes with concomitant impacts onatmospheric chemistry. We have investigated seasonal isoprenoid andoxygenated VOC (oxVOC) fluxes from a Norway spruce (Picea abies)tree in central Germany and explored the emission responses under variousatmospheric conditions. Emission rates were quantified by using dynamicbranch enclosure and proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS)techniques. Additionally, ambient mixing ratios were derived throughapplication of a new box model treatment on the dynamic chamber measurements.These are compared in terms of abundance and origin with the correspondingemissions. Isoprenoids dominate the BVOC emissions from Norway spruce, withmonoterpenes and sesquiterpenes accounting for 50.8 ± 7.2% and19.8 ± 8.1% respectively of the total emissions. Normalizing the VOCemission rates, we have observed a trend of reduction of carbon-containingemissions from April to November, with an enhancement of oxVOC. Highestemission rates were observed in June for all measured species, with theexception of sesquiterpenes, which were emitted most strongly in April.Finally, we evaluate the temperature-dependent algorithm that seems todescribe the temperature-dependent emissions of methanol, acetaldehyde andmonoterpenes but only with the use of the monthly derived values for emissionpotential, Es, and temperature dependency, β factor

atmospheric chemistry and physics

From emissions to ambient mixing ratios: online seasonal field measurements of volatile organic compounds over a Norway spruce-dominated forest in central Germany