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The tropical deep overshooting convection is known to be most intense abovecontinental areas such as South America, Africa, and the maritime continent.However, its impact on the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) at global scaleremains debated. In our analysis, we use the 8-year Microwave Limb Sounder(MLS) water vapour (H2O), cloud ice-water content (IWC), andtemperature data sets from 2005 to date, to highlight the interplays betweenthese parameters and their role in the water vapour variability in the TTL,and separately in the northern and southern tropics. In the tropical uppertroposphere (177 hPa), continents, including the maritime continent, presentthe night-time (01:30 local time, LT) peak in the water vapour mixing ratiocharacteristic of the H2O diurnal cycle above tropical land. Thewestern Pacific region, governed by the tropical oceanic diurnal cycle, hasa daytime maximum (13:30 LT). In the TTL (100 hPa) and tropicallower stratosphere (56 hPa), South America and Africa differ from the maritimecontinent and western Pacific displaying a daytime maximum of H2O. Inaddition, the relative amplitude between day and night is found to besystematically higher by 5–10% in the southern tropical upper troposphere and 1–3% inthe TTL than in the northern tropics during their respective summer,indicative of a larger impact of the convection on H2O in the southerntropics. Using a regional-scale approach, we investigate how mechanismslinked to the H2O variability differ in function of the geography. Insummary, the MLS water vapour and cloud ice-water observations demonstrate aclear contribution to the TTL moistening by ice crystals overshooting over tropical land regions. The process is found to be much more effective in thesouthern tropics. Deep convection is responsible for the diurnal temperaturevariability in the same geographical areas in the lowermost stratosphere,which in turn drives the variability of H2O

Impact of tropical land convection on the water vapour budget in the tropical tropopause layer