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In situ measurements of ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO) andmeteorological parameters were made from December 2007 to November 2009 atthe Xianggelila Regional Atmosphere Background Station (28.006° N,99.726° E; 3580 m a.s.l.), southwest China. It was found thatboth O3 and CO peaked in spring while the minima of O3 and COoccurred in summer and winter, respectively. A normalized indicator (markedas "Y") on the basis of the monthly normalized O3, CO and water vapor,is proposed to evaluate the occurrence of O3 downward transport fromthe upper, O3-rich atmosphere. This composite indicator has theadvantage of being less influenced by the seasonal or occasional variationsof individual factors. It is shown that the most frequent and effectivetransport occurred in winter (accounting for 39% of the cases on the basis ofa threshold of the Y value larger than 4) and they can make a significantcontribution to surface O3 at Xianggelila. A 9.6 ppb increase(21.0%) of surface ozone is estimated based on the impact of deepdownward transport events in winter. A case of strong O3 downwardtransport event under the synoptic condition of a deep westerly trough isstudied by the combination of the Y indicator, potential vorticity, totalcolumn ozone and trajectory analysis. Asian monsoon plays an important rolein suppressing O3 accumulation in summer and fall. The seasonalvariation of O3 downward transport, as suggested by the Y indicator atXianggelila, is consistent with the seasonality ofstratosphere-to-troposphere transport and the subtropical jet stream overthe Tibetan Plateau

Influence of air mass downward transport on the variability of surface ozone at Xianggelila Regional Atmosphere Background Station, southwest China