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The chemical composition of aerosol particles (Dp ≤ 1.5 μm)was measured over the southeast Pacific Ocean during the VAMOS (Variability of the American MonsoonSystems) Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study Regional Experiment (VOCALS-Rex) between 16 October and 15 November 2008 using the US Department of Energy (DOE) G-1aircraft. The objective of these flights was to gain an understanding of thesources and evolution of these aerosols, and of how they interact with themarine stratus cloud layer that prevails in this region of the globe. Ourmeasurements showed that the marine boundary layer (MBL) aerosol mass wasdominated by non-sea-salt SO42−, followed by Na+, Cl−,Org (total organics), NH4+, and NO3−, in decreasing order of importance;CH3SO3− (MSA), Ca2+, and K+ rarely exceeded theirlimits of detection. Aerosols were strongly acidic with a NH4+ toSO42− equivalents ratio typically < 0.3. Sea-salt aerosol(SSA) particles, represented by NaCl, exhibited Cl− deficits caused byboth HNO3 and H2SO4, but for the most part were externallymixed with particles, mainly SO42−. SSA contributed onlya small fraction of the total accumulation mode particle numberconcentration. It was inferred that all aerosol species (except SSA) were ofpredominantly continental origin because of their strong land-to-seaconcentration gradient. Comparison of relative changes in median valuessuggests that (1) an oceanic source of NH3 is present between 72° W and76° W, (2) additional organic aerosols from biomass burns or biogenicprecursors were emitted from coastal regions south of 31° S, with possiblecloud processing, and (3) free tropospheric (FT) contributions to MBL gas and aerosolconcentrations were negligible. The very low levels ofCH3SO3− observed as well as the correlation betweenSO42− and NO3− (which is thought primarilyanthropogenic) suggest a limited contribution of DMS to SO42−aerosol production during VOCALS

Chemical composition and sources of coastal marine aerosol particles during the 2008 VOCALS-REx campaign