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Open biomass burning is an important source of air pollution in China andglobally. Joint observations of air pollution were conducted in five cities(Shanghai, Hangzhou, Ningbo, Suzhou and Nanjing) of the Yangtze River delta,and a heavy haze episode with visibility 2.9–9.8 km was observed from 28May to 6 June 2011. The contribution of biomass burning was quantified usingboth ambient monitoring data and the WRF/CMAQ (Weather Research andForecasting (WRF) and Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ)) modelsimulation. It was found that the average and maximum daily PM2.5concentrations during the episode were 82 and144 μgm−3, respectively. Weather pattern analysis indicatedthat stagnation enhanced the accumulation of air pollutants, while thefollowing precipitation event scavenged the pollution. Mixing depth duringthe stagnant period was 240–399 m. Estimation based on observation data andCMAQ model simulation indicated that biomass open burning contributed37% of PM2.5, 70% of organic carbon and 61% of elementalcarbon. Satellite-detected fire spots, back-trajectory analysis and airquality model simulation were integrated to identify the locations where thebiomass was burned and the pollutants transport. The results suggested thatthe impact of biomass open burning is regional, due to the substantialinter-province transport of air pollutants. PM2.5 exposure level couldbe reduced 47% for the YRD region if complete biomass burning isforbidden and significant health benefit is expected. These findings couldimprove the understanding of heavy haze pollution, and suggest the need toban open biomass burning during post-harvest seasons

Impact of biomass burning on haze pollution in the Yangtze River delta, China: a case study in summer 2011