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In the course of two field campaigns, size-segregated particle samples werecollected at nine sites in Germany, including traffic, urban, rural, marineand mountain sites. During the chemical characterisation of the samples someof them were found to contain an unknown substance that was lateridentified as hydroxymethanesulfonic acid (HMSA). HMSA is known to be formedduring the reaction of S(IV) (HSO3− or SO32−) withformaldehyde in the aqueous phase. Due to its stability, HMSA can act as areservoir species for S(IV) in the atmosphere and is therefore of interestfor the understanding of atmospheric sulfur chemistry. However, no HMSAdata are available for atmospheric particles from central Europe, and even ona worldwide scale data are scarce. Thus, the present study now provides arepresentative data set with detailed information on HMSA concentrations insize-segregated central European aerosol particles. HMSA mass concentrationsin this data set were highly variable: HMSA was found in 224 out of 738samples (30%), sometimes in high mass concentrations exceeding those ofoxalic acid. On average over all 154 impactor runs,31.5 ng m−3 HMSA was found in PM10, contributing0.21% to the total mass. The results show that the particle diameter, thesampling location, the sampling season and the air mass origin impact theHMSA mass concentration. Highest concentrations were found in the particlefraction 0.42–1.2 μm, at urban sites, in winter and with eastern(continental) air masses, respectively. The results suggest that HMSA isformed during aging of pollution plumes. A positive correlation of HMSA withsulfate, oxalate and PM is found (R2 > 0.4). Theresults furthermore suggest that the fraction of HMSA in PM slightlydecreases with increasing pH

Hydroxymethanesulfonic acid in size-segregated aerosol particles at nine sites in Germany