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Since September 2011, a wavelength-scanned cavity ring-down spectroscopyanalyser has been remotely operated in Ivittuut, southern Greenland,providing the first record of surface water vapour isotopic composition basedon continuous measurements in South Greenland and the first record includingthe winter season in Greenland. The comparison of vapour data withmeasurements of precipitation isotopic composition suggest an equilibriumbetween surface vapour and precipitation. δ18O and deuterium excess are generally anti-correlated and showimportant seasonal variations, with respective amplitudes of ~10 and~20‰, as well as large synoptic variations. The data depictsmall summer diurnal variations. At the seasonal scale, δ18O has aminimum in November–December and a maximum in June–July, while deuteriumexcess has a minimum in May–June and a maximum in November. The approach of low-pressure systems towards South Greenland leads to δ18O increase(typically +5‰) and deuterium excess decrease (typically−15‰). Seasonal and synoptic variations coincide with shifts in the moisturesources, estimated using a quantitative moisture source diagnostic based on aLagrangian back-trajectory model. The atmospheric general circulationmodel LMDZiso correctly captures the seasonal and synoptic variability ofδ18O, but does not capture the observed magnitude of deuteriumexcess variability. Covariations of water vapour isotopic composition with local and moisturesource meteorological parameters have been evaluated. δ18O isstrongly correlated with the logarithm of local surface humidity, consistentwith Rayleigh distillation processes, and with local surface air temperature,associated with a slope of ~0.4‰ °C−1. Deuteriumexcess correlates with local surface relative humidity as well as surfacerelative humidity from the dominant moisture source area located in the NorthAtlantic, south of Greenland and Iceland

The isotopic composition of water vapour and precipitation in Ivittuut, southern Greenland