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Cirrus clouds have large yet uncertain impacts on Earth's climate. Icesupersaturation (ISS) – where the relative humidity with respect to ice(RHi) is greater than 100% – is the prerequisite condition of icenucleation. Here we use 1 Hz (~230 m) in situ, aircraft-basedobservations from 87° N to 67° S to analyze the spatialcharacteristics of ice-supersaturated regions (ISSRs). The median length of1-D horizontal ISSR segments is found to be very small (~1 km),which is 2 orders of magnitude smaller than previously reported. Tounderstand the conditions of these small-scale ISSRs, we compare individualISSRs with their horizontally adjacent subsaturated surroundings and showthat 99% and 73% of the ISSRs are moister and colder, respectively.When quantifying the contributions of water vapor (H2O) and temperature(T) individually, the magnitudes of the differences between the maximum RHivalues inside ISSRs (RHimax) and the RHi in subsaturated surroundingsare largely derived from the H2O spatial variabilities (by 88%) thanfrom those of T (by 9%). These features hold for both ISSRs with andwithout ice crystals present. Similar analyses for all RHi horizontalvariabilities (including ISS and non-ISS) show strong contributions fromH2O variabilities at various T, H2O, pressure (P) and varioushorizontal scales (~1–100 km). Our results provide a newobservational constraint on ISSRs on the microscale (~100 m)and point to the importance of understanding how these fine-scale featuresoriginate and impact cirrus cloud formation and the RHi field in the uppertroposphere (UT)

Cloud-scale ice-supersaturated regions spatially correlate with high water vapor heterogeneities