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Phenolic compounds, which are emitted in significant amounts from biomassburning, can undergo fast reactions in atmospheric aqueous phases to formsecondary organic aerosol (aqSOA). In this study, we investigate thereactions of phenol (compound with formula C6H5OH)), guaiacol(2-methoxyphenol), and syringol (2,6-dimethoxyphenol) with two majoraqueous-phase oxidants – the triplet excited states of an aromatic carbonyl(3C*) and hydroxyl radical (· OH). We thoroughlycharacterize the low-volatility species produced from these reactions andinterpret their formation mechanisms using aerosol mass spectrometry (AMS),nanospray desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (nano-DESIMS), and ion chromatography (IC). A large number of oxygenated molecules areidentified, including oligomers containing up to six monomer units,functionalized monomer and oligomers with carbonyl, carboxyl, and hydroxylgroups, and small organic acid anions (e.g., formate, acetate, oxalate, andmalate). The average atomic oxygen-to-carbon (O / C) ratios of phenolicaqSOA are in the range of 0.85–1.23, similar to those of low-volatilityoxygenated organic aerosol (LV-OOA) observed in ambient air. The aqSOAcompositions are overall similar for the same precursor, but the reactionsmediated by 3C* are faster than · OH-mediated reactions andproduce more oligomers and hydroxylated species at the point when 50% ofthe phenolic compound has reacted. Profiles determined using a thermodenuderindicate that the volatility of phenolic aqSOA is influenced by both oligomercontent and O / C ratio. In addition, the aqSOA shows enhanced lightabsorption in the UV–visible region, suggesting that aqueous-phase reactionsof phenols may contribute to formation of secondary brown carbon in theatmosphere, especially in regions influenced by biomass burning

Chemical characterization of SOA formed from aqueous-phase reactions of phenols with the triplet excited state of carbonyl and hydroxyl radical