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Organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), water-soluble organic carbon(WSOC) and main ions were measured in a total of 1510 PM2.5 dailyaerosol samples collected from May 2008 to April 2013 in Athens, Greece. OCand EC concentrations were 2.1 ± 1.3 μg m−3 and 0.54 ± 0.39 μg m−3, accounting for 11 ± 3% and 3 ± 1% ofPM2.5 mass, respectively, with an average OC/EC ratio of 4.7 ± 3.1.Significant correlation was found between OC and EC during the whole period,indicating emissions by common primary sources on a regional scale. WSOCconcentration ranged from 0.03 to 10.6 μg m−3, with an average of1.5 ± 0.9 μg m−3. By considering the Finokalia (Crete) station asa reference, it was estimated that, during the warm season in Athens,67 ± 7% of emitted OC and 53 ± 12% of emitted EC isregional, while, during cold months, the regional contribution of OC is only33 ± 7% and of EC 29 ± 8%. Furthermore, secondary organiccarbon (SOC) was calculated for the warm period of the year (April toOctober). The estimated SOC constituted about 75 ± 6% of PM2.5 organic carbon in Athens, highlighting significant aging processes on aregional scale. In the period 2011–2013 and during wintertime, an increasein OC and EC levels was observed, attributed to an increase in wood burning fordomestic heating due to the economic crisis

Long-term characterization of organic and elemental carbon in the PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; fraction: the case of Athens, Greece

Long-term characterization of organic and elemental carbon in the PM<sub>2.5</sub> fraction: the case of Athens, Greece