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In the absence of high-resolution estimates of the components of surfaceenergy balance for China, we developed an algorithm based on the surfaceenergy balance system (SEBS) to generate a data set of land-surface energyand water fluxes on a monthly timescale from 2001 to 2010 at a0.1 × 0.1° spatial resolution by using multi-satellite andmeteorological forcing data. A remote-sensing-based method was developed toestimate canopy height, which was used to calculate roughness length and fluxdynamics. The land-surface flux data set was validated against"ground-truth" observations from 11 flux tower stations in China. Theestimated fluxes correlate well with the stations' measurements for differentvegetation types and climatic conditions (average bias = 11.2 Wm<sup>−2</sup>,RMSE = 22.7 Wm<sup>−2</sup>). The quality of the data product was also assessedagainst the GLDAS data set. The results show that our method is efficient forproducing a high-resolution data set of surface energy flux for the Chineselandmass from satellite data. The validation results demonstrate that moreaccurate downward long-wave radiation data sets are needed to be able toestimate turbulent fluxes and evapotranspiration accurately when using thesurface energy balance model. Trend analysis of land-surface radiation andenergy exchange fluxes revealed that the Tibetan Plateau has undergonerelatively stronger climatic change than other parts of China during the last10 years. The capability of the data set to provide spatial and temporalinformation on water-cycle and land–atmosphere interactions for the Chineselandmass is examined. The product is free to download for studies of thewater cycle and environmental change in China

Development of a 10-year (2001–2010) 0.1° data set of land-surface energy balance for mainland China