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Four-year observations (2010–2014) with EARLINET polarization lidar  and AERONET sun/sky photometer at Limassol (34.7° N,  33° E), Cyprus, were used to study the soil dust content in  lofted fire smoke plumes advected from Turkey. This first systematic  attempt to characterize less than 3-day-old smoke plumes in terms  of particle linear depolarization ratio (PDR), measured with lidar, contributes to the more general effort to  properly describe the life cycle of free-tropospheric smoke–dust  mixtures from the emission event to phases of long-range transport  (> 4 days after emission).  We found significant PDR differenceswith values from 9 to 18%  in lofted aerosol layers when Turkish fires contributed to the  aerosol burden and of 3–13 % when Turkish fires were absent.  High Ångström exponents of 1.4–2.2 during all these events  with lofted smoke layers, occurring between 1 and 3 km  height, suggest the absence of a pronounced particle coarse mode.  When plotted vs. travel time (spatial distance between Limassol  and last fire area), PDR decreased strongly from initial values  around 16–18% (1 day travel) to 4–8% after 4 days of  travel caused by deposition processes. This behavior was found to be  in close agreement with findings described in the literature. Computation of particle  extinction coefficient and mass concentrations, derived from the lidar observations, separately for  fine-mode dust, coarse-mode dust, and non-dust aerosol components  show extinction-related dust fractions on the order of 10% (for  PDR =4%, travel times > 4 days) and 50%  (PDR =15%, 1 day travel time) and respective mass-related dust  fractions of 25% (PDR =4%) to 80%  (PDR =15%). Biomass burning should therefore be considered as  another source of free tropospheric soil dust

Injection of mineral dust into the free troposphere during fire events observed with polarization lidar at Limassol, Cyprus