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This study addresses and attempts to mitigate persistent uncertainty andscatter among existing approaches for determining the rate of sea sprayaerosol production by breaking waves in the open ocean. The new approachproposed here utilizes passive microwave emissions from the ocean surface,which are known to be sensitive to surface roughness and foam. Direct,simultaneous, and collocated measurements of the aerosol production andmicrowave emissions were collected aboard the <i>FLoating InstrumentPlatform</i> (<i>FLIP</i>) in deep water ~ 150 km off the coast of California overa period of ~ 4 days. Vertical profiles of coarse-mode aerosol(0.25–23.5 μm) concentrations were measured with a forward-scatteringspectrometer and converted to surface flux using dry depositionand vertical gradient methods. Back-trajectory analysis of eastern North Pacificmeteorology verified the clean marine origin of the sampled air mass over atleast 5 days prior to measurements. Vertical and horizontal polarizationsurface brightness temperature were measured with a microwave radiometer at10.7 GHz frequency. Data analysis revealed a strong sensitivity of thebrightness temperature polarization difference to the rate of aerosolproduction. An existing model of microwave emission from the ocean surfacewas used to determine the empirical relationship and to attribute itsunderlying physical basis to microwave emissions from surface roughness andfoam within active and passive phases of breaking waves. A possibility ofand initial steps towards satellite retrievals of the sea spray aerosolproduction are briefly discussed in concluding remarks

On direct passive microwave remote sensing of sea spray aerosol production