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Although essential to fully understand the cycling of mercury at the globalscale, mercury species records in the Southern Hemisphere are scarce. Underthe framework of the Global Mercury Observation System (GMOS) project, amonitoring station has been set up on Amsterdam Island (37°48´ S,77°34´ E) in the remote southern Indian Ocean. For the first timein the Southern Hemisphere, a 2-year record of gaseous elemental mercury(GEM), reactive gaseous mercury (RGM) and particle-bound mercury (PBM) ispresented. GEM concentrations were remarkably steady(1.03 ± 0.08 ng m−3) while RGM and PBM concentrations were verylow and exhibited a strong variability (mean: 0.34 pg m−3, range:< detection limit–4.07 pg m−3; and mean: 0.67 pg m−3, range:< detection limit–12.67 pg m−3, respectively). Despite theremoteness of the island, wind sector analysis, air mass back trajectoriesand the observation of radonic storms highlighted a long-range contributionfrom the southern African continent to the GEM and PBM budgets from July toSeptember during the biomass burning season. Low concentrations of GEM wereassociated with southerly polar and marine air masses from the remotesouthern Indian Ocean. This unique data set provides new baseline GEMconcentrations in the Southern Hemisphere midlatitudes while mercuryspeciation along with upcoming wet deposition data will help to improve ourunderstanding of the mercury cycle in the marine boundary layer

A 2-year record of atmospheric mercury species at a background Southern Hemisphere station on Amsterdam Island