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Black carbon (BC) is a light-absorbing particle that warms theatmosphere–Earth system. The climate effects of BC are amplified in theArctic, where its deposition on light surfaces decreases the albedo andcauses earlier melt of snow and ice. Despite its suggested significant rolein Arctic climate warming, there is little information on BC concentrationsand deposition in the past. Here we present results on BC (hereoperationally defined as elemental carbon (EC)) concentrations anddeposition on a Svalbard glacier between 1700 and 2004. The inner part of a125 m deep ice core from Holtedahlfonna glacier (79°8' N,13°16' E, 1150 m a.s.l.) was melted, filtered through a quartzfibre filter and analysed for EC using a thermal–optical method. The ECvalues started to increase after 1850 and peaked around 1910, similar to icecore records from Greenland. Strikingly, the EC values again increaserapidly between 1970 and 2004 after a temporary low point around 1970,reaching unprecedented values in the 1990s. This rise is not seen inGreenland ice cores, and it seems to contradict atmospheric BC measurementsindicating generally decreasing atmospheric BC concentrations since 1989 inthe Arctic. For example, changes in scavenging efficiencies,post-depositional processes and differences in the vertical distribution ofBC in the atmosphere are discussed for the differences between the Svalbardand Greenland ice core records, as well as the ice core and atmosphericmeasurements in Svalbard. In addition, the divergent BC trends betweenGreenland and Svalbard ice cores may be caused by differences in theanalytical methods used, including the operational definitions of quantifiedparticles, and detection efficiencies of different-sized BC particles.Regardless of the cause of the increasing EC values between 1970 and 2004,the results have significant implications for the past radiative energybalance at the coring site

Increase in elemental carbon values between 1970 and 2004 observed in a 300-year ice core from Holtedahlfonna (Svalbard)