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Aerosol absorption properties are of high importance to assess aerosol impacton regional climate. This study presents an analysis of aerosol absorptionproducts obtained over the Mediterranean basin or land stations in the regionfrom multi-year ground-based AERONET observations with a focus on theAbsorbing Aerosol Optical Depth (AAOD), Single Scattering Albedo (SSA) andtheir spectral dependence. The AAOD and Absorption Angström Exponent (AAE)dataset is composed of daily averaged AERONET level 2 data from a total of22 Mediterranean stations having long time series, mainly under the influenceof urban-industrial aerosols and/or soil dust. This dataset covers the 17-yrperiod 1996–2012 with most data being from 2003–2011 (~89% oflevel-2 AAOD data). Since AERONET level-2 absorption products require a highaerosol load (AOD at 440 nm > 0.4), which is most oftenrelated to the presence of desert dust, we also consider level-1.5 SSA data,despite their higher uncertainty, and filter out data with an Angströmexponent < 1.0 in order to study absorption by carbonaceousaerosols. The SSA dataset includes AERONET level-2 products. Sun-photometerobservations show that values of AAOD at 440 nm vary between0.024 ± 0.01 (resp. 0.040 ± 0.01) and 0.050 ± 0.01(0.055 ± 0.01) for urban (dusty) sites. Analysis shows that theMediterranean urban-industrial aerosols appear "moderately" absorbing withvalues of SSA close to ~0.94–0.95 ± 0.04 (at 440 nm) in mostcases except over the large cities of Rome and Athens, where aerosol appearsmore absorbing (SSA ~0.89–0.90 ± 0.04). The aerosol AbsorptionAngström Exponent (AAE, estimated using 440 and 870 nm) is found to belarger than 1 for most sites over the Mediterranean, a manifestation ofmineral dust (iron) and/or brown carbon producing the observed absorption.AERONET level-2 sun-photometer data indicate a possible East-West gradient,with higher values over the eastern basin(AAE<sub>East</sub> = 1.39/AAE<sub>West</sub> = 1.33). The North-SouthAAE gradient is more pronounced, especially over the western basin. Ouradditional analysis of AERONET level-1.5 data also shows that organicabsorbing aerosols significantly affect some Mediterranean sites. Theseresults indicate that current climate models treating organics asnonabsorbing over the Mediterranean certainly underestimate the warmingeffect due to carbonaceous aerosols

Absorption properties of Mediterranean aerosols obtained from multi-year ground-based remote sensing observations