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Geoengineering applications by injection of sulfate aerosols into thestratosphere are under consideration as a measure of last resort to counterglobal warming. Here a potential regional-scale application to offset theimpacts of heat waves is critically examined. Using the Weather Research and Forecasting model with fully coupledchemistry (WRF-Chem), the effect of regional-scalesulfate aerosol emission over California in each of two days of the July 2006heat wave is used to quantify potential reductions in surfacetemperature as a function of emission rates in a layer at 12 km altitude.Local meteorological factors yield geographical differences in surface airtemperature sensitivity. For emission rates of approximately30 μg m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> of sulfate aerosols (with standardWRF-Chem size distribution) over the region, temperature decreases of around7 °C result during the middle part of the day over the CentralValley, one of the areas hardest hit by the heat wave. Regions more ventilated withoceanic air such as Los Angeles have slightly smaller reductions. The lengthof the hottest part of the day is also reduced. Advection effects on theaerosol cloud must be more carefully forecast for smaller injection regions.Verification of the impacts could be done via measurements of differences inreflected and surface downward shortwave. Such regional geoengineeringapplications with specific near-term target effects but smaller cost and sideeffects could potentially provide a means of testing larger scaleapplications. However, design considerations for regional applications, suchas a preference for injection at a level of relatively low wind speed, differfrom those for global applications. The size of the required injections andthe necessity of injection close to the target region raise substantialconcerns. The evaluation of this regional-scale application is thusconsistent with global model evaluations, emphasizing that mitigation viareduction of fossil fuels remains preferable to considering geoengineeringwith sulfate aerosols

Could aerosol emissions be used for regional heat wave mitigation?