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Although the links between stratospheric dynamics, climate and weatherhave been demonstrated, direct observations of stratospheric winds arelacking, in particular at altitudes above 30 km.We report observations of winds between 8 and0.01 hPa (~35–80 km) from October 2009 to April2010 by the Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb-Emission Sounder(SMILES) on the International Space Station. The altitude range coversthe region between 35–60 km where previous space-borne windinstruments show a lack of sensitivity. Both zonal and meridionalwind components were obtained, though not simultaneously, in thelatitude range from 30° S to 55° N and with a singleprofile precision of 7–9 m s–1 between 8 and0.6 hPa and better than 20 m s–1 at altitudes above.The vertical resolution is 5–7 km except in the upper part ofthe retrieval range (10 km at 0.01 hPa). In the regionbetween 1–0.05 hPa,an absolute value of themean difference < 2 m s–1 isfound between SMILES profiles retrieved from different spectroscopiclines and instrumental settings. Good agreement(absolute value of themean difference of ~2 m s–1) is also found with theEuropean Centre forMedium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) analysis in most of thestratosphere except for the zonal winds over the equator(difference > 5 m s−1). In the mesosphere, SMILES andECMWF zonal winds exhibit large differences (> 20 m s–1),especially in the tropics. We illustrate our results by showing dailyand monthly zonal wind variations, namely the semi-annual oscillationin the tropics and reversals of the flow direction between50–55° N during sudden stratospheric warmings.The daily comparison with ECMWF winds reveals thatin the beginning of February, a significantly stronger zonal westwardflow is measured in the tropics at 2 hPa compared to the flowcomputed in the analysis (difference of ~20 m s–1).The results show that the comparison between SMILES and ECMWF winds isnot only relevant for the quality assessment of the new SMILES winds,but it also provides insights on the quality of the ECMWF windsthemselves. Although the instrument was not specifically designed formeasuring winds, the results demonstrate that space-borne sub-mm waveradiometers have the potential to provide good quality data forimproving the stratospheric winds in atmospheric models

Observation of horizontal winds in the middle-atmosphere between 30° S and 55° N during the northern winter 2009–2010