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Size-resolved trace metal concentrations of 15 elements in aerosol particlesat the Cape Verde Atmospheric Observatory (CVAO) under remote backgroundconditions were investigated through analysis of aerosol samples collectedduring intensive field studies from January 2007 to November 2011 usingtotal reflection x-ray fluorescence (TXRF). The identification of the mainair mass origin that influence remote marine aerosol in the northerntropical Atlantic has been investigated. In total, 317 samples werecollected. The dataset was analyzed according to the main air mass inflow atthe station. We found that remote conditions make up about 45% of themeteorological conditions in a year at CVAO and thus the northern tropicalAtlantic. Surprisingly, air masses from North America are often responsiblefor higher trace metal concentrations in this region. Elements such as Zn, Pb, Cu, Cr, Ni, and V were mostly found in thesubmicron size fractions, while elements with dominant crustal or oceanicorigin such as Fe, Ti, Mn, Sr, and Rb were found in the coarse fractions(>1 μm). The highest metal concentrations, especially forZn (3.23 ng m−3), Cu (0.81 ng m−3), Sr(2.63 ng m−3), and Cr (0.53 ng m−3), wereobserved in air masses originating from North America and the concentrationswere within the same concentration range to those reported previously in theliterature for remote marine aerosols. Fe (12.26 ng m−3),Ti (0.91 ng m−3), and Mn (0.35 ng m−3)showed higher concentrations when air mass came from Europe and the CanaryIslands. Pb concentration was low (<0.20 ng m−3)and did not vary significantly with air mass direction. The low Pbconcentration is indicative of the complete phase-out of leaded gasolineeven in African countries. Crustal enrichment factor values decreased fromfine to coarse-mode particles with low values (<4) observed for Fe,Mn, and Rb, and high values (>20) for Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Pb, and Se.The observed enrichment of the elements was attributed to crustal, marine,anthropogenic, and biogenic sources, as well as long-range transport andresuspension. Zn, Cu and Pb were indicators of anthropogenic activities,while Ti and Sr were indicators of crustal and marine origin,respectively. Oceanic and biogenic emissions might have contributed to mostof the Se observed. This work provides the first long-term size-resolvedtrace metals study for remote tropical northern Atlantic marine aerosols andthe dataset could serve as good initiation of yearly flux estimates

Aerosol size-resolved trace metal composition in remote northern tropical Atlantic marine environment: case study Cape Verde islands