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To better understand the sources of PM10 samples in Mumbai, India,aerosol chemical composition, i.e., total carbon (TC), organic carbon (OC),elemental carbon (EC), water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), and inorganicions were studied together with specific markers such as methanesulfonate(MSA), oxalic acid (C2), azelaic acid (C9), and levoglucosan. Theresults revealed that biofuel/biomass burning and fossil fuel combustion arethe major sources of the Mumbai aerosols. Nitrogen-isotopic (δ15N) composition of aerosol total nitrogen, which ranged from 18.1 to25.4‰, also suggests that biofuel/biomass burning is apredominate source in both the summer and winter seasons. Aerosol massconcentrations of major species increased 3–4 times in winter compared tosummer, indicating enhanced emission from these sources in the winter season.Photochemical production tracers, C2 diacid and nssSO42−, donot show diurnal changes. Concentrations of C2 diacid and WSOC show astrong correlation (r2 = 0.95). In addition, WSOC to OC (or TC)ratios remain almost constant for daytime (0.37 ± 0.06 (0.28 ± 0.04))and nighttime (0.38 ± 0.07 (0.28 ± 0.06)), suggesting that mixingof fresh secondary organic aerosols is not significant and the Mumbaiaerosols are photochemically well processed. Concentrations of MSA andC9 diacid present a positive correlation (r2 = 0.75), indicatinga marine influence on Mumbai aerosols in addition to local/regionalinfluence. Backward air mass trajectory analyses further suggested that theMumbai aerosols are largely influenced by long-range continental andregional transport. Stable C-isotopic ratios (δ13C) of TCranged from −27.0 to −25.4‰, with slightly lower average(−26.5 ± 0.3‰) in summer than in winter(−25.9 ± 0.3‰). Positive correlation betweenWSOC/TC ratios and δ13C values suggested that the relative increment in13C of wintertime TC may be caused by prolonged photochemicalprocessing of organic aerosols in this season. This study suggests that inwinter, the tropical aerosols are more aged due to longer residence time inthe atmosphere than in summer aerosols. However, these conclusions are basedon the analysis of a limited number of samples (n=25) and more informationon this topic may be needed from other similar coastal sites in future

atmospheric chemistry and physics

Organic and inorganic markers and stable C-, N-isotopic compositions of tropical coastal aerosols from megacity Mumbai: sources of organic aerosols and atmospheric processing