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Atmospheric CO2 retrievals with peak sensitivity in the mid- to lowertroposphere from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) have beenassimilated into the GEOS-5 (Goddard Earth Observing System Model, Version 5) constituent assimilation system for the period1 January 2005 to 31 December 2006. A corresponding model simulation, usingidentical initial conditions, circulation, and CO2 boundary fluxes wasalso completed. The analyzed and simulated CO2 fields are compared withsurface measurements globally and aircraft measurements over North America.Surface level monthly mean CO2 values show a marked improvement due tothe assimilation in the Southern Hemisphere, while less consistentimprovements are seen in the Northern Hemisphere. Mean differences withaircraft observations are reduced at all levels, with the largest decreaseoccurring in the mid-troposphere. The difference standard deviations arereduced slightly at all levels over the ocean, and all levels except thesurface layer over land. These initial experiments indicate that the usedchannels contain useful information on CO2 in the middle to lowertroposphere. However, the benefits of assimilating these data are reducedover the land surface, where concentrations are dominated by uncertain localfluxes and where the observation density is quite low. Away from theseregions, the study demonstrates the power of the data assimilation techniquefor evaluating data that are not co-located, in that the improvements inmid-tropospheric CO2 by the sparsely distributed partial-columnretrievals are transported by the model to the fixed in situ surfaceobservation locations in more remote areas

Evaluation of a new middle-lower tropospheric CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; product using data assimilation

Evaluation of a new middle-lower tropospheric CO<sub>2</sub> product using data assimilation