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Simulated multi-model "diversity" in aerosol direct radiative forcingestimates is often perceived as a measure of aerosol uncertainty. However,current models used for aerosol radiative forcing calculations varyconsiderably in model components relevant for forcing calculations and theassociated "host-model uncertainties" are generally convoluted with theactual aerosol uncertainty. In this AeroCom Prescribed intercomparison studywe systematically isolate and quantify host model uncertainties on aerosolforcing experiments through prescription of identical aerosol radiativeproperties in twelve participating models. Even with prescribed aerosol radiative properties, simulated clear-sky andall-sky aerosol radiative forcings show significant diversity. For a purelyscattering case with globally constant optical depth of 0.2, the global-meanall-sky top-of-atmosphere radiative forcing is −4.47 Wm−2 and theinter-model standard deviation is 0.55 Wm−2, corresponding to arelative standard deviation of 12%. For a case with partially absorbingaerosol with an aerosol optical depth of 0.2 and single scattering albedo of0.8, the forcing changes to 1.04 Wm−2, and the standard deviationincreases to 1.01 W−2, corresponding to a significant relative standarddeviation of 97%. However, the top-of-atmosphere forcing variability owingto absorption (subtracting the scattering case from the case with scatteringand absorption) is low, with absolute (relative) standard deviations of0.45 Wm−2 (8%) clear-sky and 0.62 Wm−2 (11%) all-sky. Scaling the forcing standard deviation for a purely scattering case to matchthe sulfate radiative forcing in the AeroCom Direct Effect experimentdemonstrates that host model uncertainties could explain about 36% ofthe overall sulfate forcing diversity of 0.11 Wm−2 in the AeroComDirect Radiative Effect experiment. Host model errors in aerosol radiative forcing are largest in regionsof uncertain host model components, such as stratocumulus cloud decksor areas with poorly constrained surface albedos, such as sea ice.Our results demonstrate that host model uncertainties are animportant component of aerosol forcing uncertainty that require further attention

Host model uncertainties in aerosol radiative forcing estimates: results from the AeroCom Prescribed intercomparison study