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In this paper bioaerosol measurements conducted with the Waveband IntegratedBioaerosol Sensor mark 4 (WIBS-4) are presented. The measurements compriseaerosol chamber characterization experiments and a one-year ambientmeasurement period at a semi-rural site in South Western Germany. This studyaims to investigate the sensitivity of WIBS-4 to biological andnon-biological aerosols and detection of biological particles in the ambientaerosol. Several types of biological and non-biological aerosol samples,including fungal spores, bacteria, mineral dust, ammonium sulphate,combustion soot, and fluorescent polystyrene spheres, were analyzed by WIBS-4in the laboratory. The results confirm the sensitivity of the ultravioletlight-induced fluorescence (UV-LIF) method to biological fluorophores andshow the good discrimination capabilities of the two excitationwavelengths/detection wavebands method applied in WIBS-4. However, a weakcross-sensitivity to non-biological fluorescent interferers remains and isdiscussed in this paper.  All the laboratory studies have been undertaken in order to prepare WIBS-4for ambient aerosol measurements. According to the one-year ambient aerosolstudy, number concentration of fluorescent biological aerosol particles(FBAP) show strong seasonal and diurnal variability. The highest numberconcentration of FBAP was measured during the summer term and decreasedtowards the winter period when colder and drier conditions prevail. DiurnalFBAP concentrations start to increase after sunset and reach maximum valuesduring the late night and early morning hours. On the other hand, the totalaerosol number concentration was almost always higher during daytime thanduring nighttime and a sharp decrease after sunset was observed. There wasno correlation observed between the FBAP concentration and themeteorological parameters temperature, precipitation, wind direction andwind speed. However, a clear correlation was identified between the FBAPnumber concentration and the relative humidity. Humidity-controlled releasemechanisms of some fungal spore species are discussed as a possibleexplanation

atmospheric chemistry and physics

Fluorescent biological aerosol particles measured with the Waveband Integrated Bioaerosol Sensor WIBS-4: laboratory tests combined with a one year field study