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The objective of this paper is to deliver the most accurate ozone(O3) and carbon monoxide (CO) climatology for the pure troposphereonly, i.e. exclusively from the ground to the dynamical tropopause on anindividual profile basis. The results (profiles and columns) are derivedsolely from the Measurements of OZone and water vapour byin-service Alrbus airCraft programme (MOZAIC) over 15years (1994–2009). The study, focused on the northern mid-latitudes[24–50° N] and [119° W–140° E],includes more than 40 000 profiles over 11 sites to give a quasi-globalzonal picture. Considering all the sites, the pure tropospheric columnpeak-to-peak seasonal cycle ranges are 23.7–43.2 DU for O3 and1.7–6.9 × 10 18 molecules cm−2 for CO. The maxima of theseasonal cycles are not in phase, occurring in February–April for CO andMay–July for O3. The phase shift is related to the photochemistryand OH removal efficiencies. The purely tropospheric seasonal profiles arecharacterized by a typical autumn–winter/spring–summer O3 dichotomy(except in Los Angeles, Eastmed – a cluster of Cairo and Tel Aviv – and theregions impacted by the summer monsoon) and a summer–autumn/winter–spring COdichotomy. We revisit the boundary-layer, mid-tropospheric (MT) andupper-tropospheric (UT) partial columns using a~new monthly varying MTceiling. Interestingly, the seasonal cycle maximum of the UT partial columnsis shifted from summer to spring for O3 and to very early spring forCO. Conversely, the MT maximum is shifted from spring to summer and isassociated with a summer (winter) MT thickening (thinning). Lastly, the puretropospheric seasonal cycles derived from our analysis are consistent withthe cycles derived from spaceborne measurements, the correlation coefficientsbeing r=0.6–0.9 for O3 and r>0.9 for CO. The cycles observedfrom space are nevertheless greater than MOZAIC for O3 (by 9–18 DU)and smaller for CO (up to 1 × 10 18 molecules cm−2). Thelarger winter O3 difference between the two data sets suggestsprobable stratospheric contamination in satellite data due to the tropopauseposition. The study underlines the importance of rigorously discriminatingbetween the stratospheric and tropospheric reservoirs and avoiding use ofa~monthly averaged tropopause position without this strict discrimination inorder to assess the pure O3 and CO tropospheric trends

atmospheric chemistry and physics

Climatology of pure tropospheric profiles and column contents of ozone and carbon monoxide using MOZAIC in the mid-northern latitudes (24° N to 50° N) from 1994 to 2009