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During the Carbonaceous Aerosols and Radiative Effects Study (CARES),activation fraction of size-resolved aerosol particles and aerosol chemicalcomposition were characterized at the T1 site (~60 kmdownwind of Sacramento, California) from 10 June to 28 June 2010. Thehygroscopicity of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN)-active particles (κCCN) with diameterfrom 100 to 170 nm, derived from the size-resolved activated fraction,varied from 0.10 to 0.21, with an average of 0.15, which was substantiallylower than that proposed for continental sites. The low κCCNvalue was due to the high organic volume fraction, averaged over 80% atthe T1 site. The derived κCCN exhibited little diurnalvariation, consistent with the relatively constant organic volume fractionobserved. At any time, over 90% of the size-selected particles withdiameter between 100 and 171 nm were CCN active, suggesting most particleswithin this size range were aged background particles. Due to the largeorganic volume fraction, organic hygroscopicity (κorg) stronglyimpacted particle hygroscopicity and therefore calculated CCN concentration.For the vast majority of the cases, an increase of κorg from0.03 to 0.18, which are within the typical range, doubled the calculated CCNconcentration. Organic hygroscopicity was derived from κCCN andaerosol chemical composition, and its variations with the fraction of totalorganic mass spectral signal at m / z 44 (f44) and O : C were compared toresults from previous studies. Overall, the relationships between κorgand f44 are quite consistent for organic aerosol (OA) observedduring field studies and those formed in a smog chamber. Compared to therelationship between κorg and f44, the relationship betweenκorg and O : C exhibits more significant differences amongdifferent studies, suggesting κorg may be better parameterizedusing f44. A least squares fit yielded κorg = 2.10(±0.07) × f44 − 0.11(±0.01) with a PearsonR2 value of 0.71. One possible explanation for the stronger correlationbetween κorg and f44 is that the m / z 44 signal (mostlycontributed by the CO2+ ion) is more closely related to organicacids, which may dominate the overall κorg due to theirrelatively high water solubility and hygroscopicity

CCN activity of organic aerosols observed downwind of urban emissions during CARES